Body language within the counselling forum and its implications Thesis

Non-verbal communication inside the directing discussion and its suggestions - Thesis Example What prompts are and how analysts have worked out issues in directing have been talked about. The importance of non-verbal communication and how understandings are made by the advocate are additionally talked about. The advising calling for extraordinary emotional wellness needs shows a rising pattern on a worldwide scale which has offered shape to global directing (Hohenshil 2010 p.3). Despite the fact that discovered distinctly in the US at one purpose of time, advising has spread its wings to a universal level. Creating custom-made guiding projects is a test in itself. Political direction doesn't impact this act of guiding. Whatever the governmental issues of a locale, the positive emotional wellness is a precious social and financial resource (Hohenshil 2010 p 3). Propelled advising frameworks with proficient affiliations, equipped with great certifications, profoundly qualified prepared advisors and special directing projects which produce the most extreme positive outcomes are a gift to a country. The multi-social assorted variety would necessitate that projects are altered by the requirements of the nearby network. Assorted variety is found in the national chronicles, social direction (re gardless of whether collectivistic or individualistic) and in various financial circumstances and political settings (Hohenshil 2010 p 3). Each field of training has been created to incorporate guiding. Schools have directing for their kids who need assistance when they become in reverse in examines or have a few issues with educators and different understudies. Proficient advisors may need to have preparing in the event that they need to adapt to new circumstances. The directing calling is in an alternate formative stage in various nations. Progress is happening at a quick pace (Hohenshil 2010 p 3). Non-verbal communication or nonverbal correspondence establishes a significant segment of advising. Examining nonverbal correspondence is reproduced to a fortune chase without a guide or instruments

Online Shopping Buyer Behaviour in Fashion industry Dissertation

Web based Shopping Buyer Behavior in Fashion industry - Dissertation Example The paper Web based Shopping Buyer Behavior in Fashion industry will investigate the contrasts between the conventional retail advertising and web based shopping in the design business. The principle contrasts between the conventional and web based shopping inclinations for design items incorporate presentation, cost, area, correspondence and innovation. Most definitely, the conventional design shopping offered the purchasers a chance to contact and handle style items genuinely when they are keen on something. This had the advantage of the purchaser guaranteeing that the item is of high caliber and that it is solid. This was gainful to the design item purchasers. Then again, internet looking for design items doesn't offer the buyer a possibility of getting into physical contact with the items. Rather, the purchaser should be placated with the graphical showcases, pictures and the content depictions for the items. This has the impact of guaranteeing that planned clients would prefer t o purchase from the customary style retailers instead of the cutting edge online design retailer. Costs are additionally significant determinants and number of variables exist that design item retailers need to place into mind. One of the components is that while the conventional retailers must search for feasible premises that will pull in clients, the online retailers don't need to search for premises. Subsequently, the conventional retailers should cause numerous costs for setting up the organizations.

Blast from the Past

Blast from the Past So way back awhile ago, after I stopped blogging for extended periods of time (sorry!) and after Ruths balloon adventure, I headed over to Bryans fraternity, ZBT, for…an 80s party. And as soon as I walked in the door, Bryan was like Laura! OMG we have to take a picture now that there are 4 of us! So he rounded me, Keri, and Jess into the frame and had someone else take the shot. Then he sent it to me and I spent way, way too much time in Photoshop because I didnt want to be programming in Scheme. The result? It was an 80s party. Please remember that before you judge. Anyway, I had an awesome time at the party, which was actually kind of unfortunate, since it meant I stayed out until after 2 AM and had to get my butt out of bed and on campus 5 hours later. Yikes. Why, you ask? Because of Splash! MIT has a student group called the Educational Studies Program, or ESP. They put together all kinds of cool programs where MIT students teach local high schoolers a huge array of topics. Splash! is a program that takes place the weekend before Thanksgiving ever year, and MIT students are literally encouraged to teach anything. You sign up to teach classes that last an hour or two, and the idea is that you should teach whatever crazy topic you want. Im really unoriginal and dont have many skills, so I stuck to the basics: I taught Intro to HTML and Electricity and Magnetism, both of which (I hope) went pretty well. I used to have a link to the full subject listing offered at this years Splash!, but ESP has been renovating their website and now I cant seem to find it. Luckily, I managed to jot down home of the highlights: How to sleep in class Introductory Chocolate Tasting Sports Statistics; How to Manage a Baseball Team Man, that looks good: History and Appreciation of Movie Trailers Game Theory for Fun The Mathematics of the Musical Scale Write Record Rock Music Fun with High Voltage Space Weapons It was a lot of fun, and I really enjoyed teaching. And now, responses to really old and probably obsolete comments: Anonymous asked: Where did the dude whos blowing up the balloon manually get his pants? I totally want a pair. Oh my God, I am so, so glad you asked that, because Rick actually made those pants himself. It was part of a project for 21M.606: Introduction to Stagecraft. How awesome is that? Heres the course description for 21M.606: Introduces students to the variety and scope of stagecraft while they learn basic shop skills. Students develop shop vocabulary and learn safe use of all shop machines, basic handwork skills, names and uses of tools, and an overview of the various activities that go on in each shop. In each production area, students complete a project that uses all basic skills. Students build a final project of choice that relates to the skills that stagecraft covers. WTPer asked: Which dorm is this? Looks nice. And in that first picture where the guy with the blue PJ pants is blowing up the red balloon . what is that, a common room? Or someone elses room? Looks like a sitting area type thing. Pretty sweet. Kinda want to get the idea of the layout of this dorm because it looks pretty awesome. Thanks! And Evan 10 responded like a month before I did (as usual): WTPer Youre looking at photos from Burton-Conner. Unlike the other dorms, its laid out in suites, with 6-8 suites on each floor, depending on if youre on Burton or Conner side. Each suite has a common area and a kitchen and 3-6 rooms, including one double (Im pretty sure each suite has one doublenot positive though). Oh waitLaura did the whole photo tour thing in an earlier entry. Thats exactly what I was going to say… turnef asked: How much time did you spend to inflate all these balloons? Well, we had a large number of people involved- anyone who passed by was forced to blow up a balloon or two or 75. We started the day before Ruth came home and spent maybe 8 hours total blowing up balloons. As for the total number of man-hours, I had no ideaAlthough Zach 08 estimates about 50. Alyssa asked: but anyway, im just wondering, do you know about how many girls usually apply/ applied this year EA? HmmI cant seem to find an exact answer, but if you poke around Matts blog, you should be able to find some info. Coming soon: I blog more often! And some of the annual-good-old-fashioned-non-denominational-politically-correct-Conner 2-holiday-celebration/sketchfest. In other words, pictures from my floors end of term dinner and secret santa exchange.

English Contractions for ESL

English contractions are shortened forms of helping or auxiliary verbs in both positive and negative sentences. Contractions are generally used in spoken English, but not in formal written English. However, written English is becoming more informal (emails, notes to friends, etc.) and you will often see these forms in print. Heres an example from a business email: Ive been working on a new project. It hasnt been easy, but next week Ill finish. This example shows three contractions: Ive / hasnt / Ill. Learn the rules of contraction use in English below. Each of the following English contractions includes an explanation of the full form and example sentences to provide context for understanding. Positive Contractions Im --- I am --- Example: Im waiting for my friend.Ill --- I will --- Example: Ill see you tomorrow.Id --- I had / I would --- Example: Id better leave now. OR Id already eaten by the time he arrived.Ive --- I have --- Example: Ive worked here for many years. Youre --- You are --- Example: Youre joking!Youll --- You will --- Example: Youll be sorry!Youd --- You had / would --- Example: Youd left before he arrived, hadnt you? OR Youd better hurry up.Youve --- You have --- Example: Youve been to London many times. Hes --- He is / has --- Example: Hes on the phone now. OR Hes been playing tennis since 10 this morning.Hell --- He will --- Example: Hell be here tomorrow.Hed --- He had / would --- Example: Hed prefer to meet you later in the week. OR Hed finished before the meeting began. Shes --- She is / has --- Example: Shes watching TV at the moment. OR Shes had a lot of trouble lately.Shell --- She will --- Example: Shell be at the meeting.Shed --- She had / would --- Example: Shed been working for two hours when he telephoned. OR Shed like to have a glass of wine. Its --- It is / has --- Example: Its been long time since we saw each other last. OR Its very difficult to concentrate.Itll --- It will --- Example: Itll be here soon.Itd --- It would / had --- Example: Itd be difficult to say no. OR Itd been a long time. Were --- We are --- Example: Were working hard on the Smith account this week.Well --- We will --- Example: Well begin when he arrives.Wed --- We had / would --- Example: Wed better hurry up if we want to catch the train. OR Wed finished the meeting before you arrived.Weve --- We have --- Example: Weve been waiting for you! Theyre --- They are --- Example: Theyre studying German this afternoon.Theyll --- They will --- Example: Theyll finish soon if they concentrate.Theyd --- They had / would --- Example: Theyd eaten their lunch when she stopped by to say hello. OR Theyd rather not come to the meeting.Theyve --- They have --- Example: Theyve just purchased a new home. Theres --- There is / has --- Example: Theres a hotel in the next town. OR Theres been too many telephone calls today!Therell --- There will --- Example: Therell be a price to pay!Thered --- There had / would --- Example: Thered better be a good explanation for this. OR Thered be some reason for that. Thats --- That is / has --- Example: Thats been on my mind lately. OR Thats why I cant come.Thatll --- That will --- Example: Thatll happen sooner than you think.Thatd --- That had / would --- Example: Thatd be the reason why. OR Thatd happened before my time. Negative Contractions arent --- are not --- Example: They arent coming next week.cant --- can not --- Example: I cant understand you.couldnt --- could not --- Example: He couldnt get his shoes on!didnt --- did not --- Example: We didnt visit Rome. We went straight to Florence.doesnt --- does not --- Example: He doesnt play golf.dont --- do not --- Example: They dont like cheese.hadnt --- had not --- Example: I hadnt thought of that!hasnt --- has not --- Example: She hasnt telephoned yet.isnt --- is not --- Example: She isnt listening to you.mustnt --- must not --- Example: Children mustnt play with fire.neednt --- need not --- Example: You neednt worry about that.shouldnt --- should not --- Example: You shouldnt smoke cigarettes.wasnt --- was not --- Example: I wasnt joking when I said that.werent --- were not --- Example: They werent invited to the party.wont --- will not --- Example: I wont be able to attend the conference.wouldnt --- would not --- Example: She wouldnt be surprised if he showed up at th e party. Contractions in Speech English learners should become familiar with contractions in order to understand the grammar of what is said quickly. Native English speakers tend to speak quickly and glide over function words such as helping verbs. Most English contractions are contractions of helping verbs, so an understanding of the role these contracted helping verbs play in grammar can help you better understand spoken English. English learners should feel free to use contractions whenever they speak, but the use of contractions is not required. If you prefer to speak using full helping verb forms, continue to do so, but become familiar with contractions in order to help your understanding.

The United States Of The Bible - 1536 Words

â€Å"Of the many influences that have shaped the United States into a distinctive nation and people, none may be said to be more fundamental and enduring than the Bible (Reagan).† These are words spoken by the 40th President of the United States of America, Ronald Reagan. The fundamentals of the Bible are vast, a few include God as creator of all, sin and its consequences, God’s redemption of mankind through Jesus, the work of the Holy Spirit, and Heaven and hell. The Christian Bible is comprised of the 39 books in the Old Testament and 27 books in the New Testament. A man by the name of Marcion is believed to have rendered the first canon of the Bible. Though he grew up in a Christian home, and is perhaps one of the most influential and impactful men to walk the earth, Marcion is also considered one of the most reviled heretics. So much so, he was excommunicated from the church because his teachings departed from traditional Christianity. His teachings were rad ical, and caused many to follow him, thus starting a movement that came to be known as Marcionism. First, let’s examine a little about Marcion’s background. â€Å"Marcion of Sinope (84 - c.160 AD), born at Sinope in Pontus, the son of a bishop (Theopedia).† Additional information advised this about Marcion, â€Å"His near-contemporaries Rhodo described him as a â€Å"mariner† and Tertullian described him as a â€Å"ship-master (digplanet.com).† He was considered a wealthy man as well. Allegation leveled against MarcionShow MoreRelatedAmerican Culture747 Words   |  3 PagesToday, the United States is the largest economic and military power in the world, the political freedom and education level of the people are universally acknowledged to be among the top 3 in the world; so, what kind of American spirit has shaped the United States? 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Doing as such has reaffirmed the Senates confidence that God is the Sovereign Lord of our Nation. Barry C. Black right now serves as the profound counsel and instructor for the United States Senate with the title of Chaplin. Throughout the years, this position has run from low maintenance, to now a full time position (United States Senate, 2011) . There are various perspectives on theRead MoreDemocracy And Democracy908 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially rule of the majority† (â€Å"Democracy†) Likewise, a democracy can be defined as â€Å"a form of government in which the people decide policy matters directly, through town hall meetings or by voting on ballot initiatives and referendums† (â€Å"Is the United States a Democracy?†). Hence, a democracy is simply rule by those who have the greatest support or following. Another term for this is â€Å"pure democracy† or as Benjamin Rush, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, called it, a â€Å"Mobocracy.† In contrastRead MoreAmericas History Founded on the Bible: Investigating America’s Relationship with the Bible throughout Time725 Words   |  3 PagesBrief History of the Bible The first piece that contributes to the bible can said to be the Ten Commandments which were made around 1400 BC. New and Old Testaments start arising in the late BC and beginning of AD. Around 1455 AD is when the first bible is massed produced and it is written in Latin. The first fully produced bible in English is in 1535 AD. These bible were not Authorized for public use until 1539 when â€Å"The Great Bible† is produced. The translations of the bible have been derived fromRead MoreMiranda Fleming. Word Count: 1,674. 3/16/17. Defending1674 Words   |  7 PagesDefending Slavery: Religion and Race The history of slavery in the United States divided people by the color of their skin. During the 16th thru 18th century, people of African ethnicity were automatically considered slaves. This not only created a parceling between races but also the demarcation of the northern and southern states of the America. The northern states had asseverated their opposition of slavery while the southern states upheld their concordance with it. Although there is now an overwhelmingRead MoreThe Integration Of Immigrants Into American Religious Life1147 Words   |  5 PagesLife What is your definition of an immigrant? My definition of an immigrant is a person who moves to a foreign country and brings with them traditions and cultures, which they assimilate into their new country. During the nineteenth century, the United States was predominately a protestant nation, which experienced high levels of immigration. From countries such as Poland, Ireland, Russia, and Germany. Many of these ethnic groups were Catholic and Jewish parishioners. Immigration impacted American’sRead MoreThesis: Is Abortion Morally Permissible?851 Words   |  4 Pagestherefore do not have the right to life. When a person has a â€Å"right,† it indicates that the person is justified to do something. For example in a legal stance, every United States citizen has the right to vote. Therefore no one can prevent a United States citizen from voting, since the citizen is justified to vote according to United States law. In a moral stance, since an adult has a right to life an d not a fetus, my mother, technically if ever placed in a situation for choosing between my mother andRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1039 Words   |  5 Pagesoption of euthanasia? Because of these reasons: it is illegal in 49 of the states of the United States, except Oregon, since 1828, when the first known anti-euthanasia law was passed in the state of New York. In Oregon, the law states that once a terminally ill adult requests euthanasia, two physicians must agree that the patient is sane and has less than six months to live. Euthanasia is illegal because the United States is based on puritan beliefs that dictate that you cannot take your own lifeRead MoreCapital Punishment1018 Words   |  5 Pageslethal injection, or by the way the victim died (The Innocence Project). Various people who are opposed to the death penalty also say that capital punishment sometimes condemns the innocent to die. According to Amendment five in the United States Bill of Rights, â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital crime, or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment of an indictment of a grand jury†, except in military cases. Even though it is true that a few innocent people have â€Å"slipped

The Ancient Greek Iconoclast’s Philosophy of Education Free Essays

The basic philosophical foundation that supports the Socratic philosophy of education Socrates, in The Republic, begins his query by asking how is it best to live one†s life? He suggests the best life is lived in such a fashion that is conducive to creating a just society. Such a society is the one designed that is most conducive to justice, and therefore to happiness, as opposed to pleasure. Remember that happiness for the Greeks was not a matter of individual self-fulfillment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ancient Greek Iconoclast’s Philosophy of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rather, Socrates considered happiness as fulfilling one†s most fitting vocational role in society. Socrates defined a society that is best in autocratic terms-a cobbler should not rule, and a potential ruler or philosopher should not make shoes, because this is antithetical to their natural abilities and fitness. But although Socrates advocated oligarchy as the fittest system of governance, he did not advocate aristocracy. In one of his earlier dialogues, called the â€Å"Meno,† Socrates is shown leading a slave boy through mathematical proofs. With correct prompting the boy is thus able to recover innate knowledge about the world. Thus Socrates saw intellectual gifts as intrinsic to the human mind and not necessarily based on the ability of the tutor. This is why Socrates did not charge for his teachings, unlike the Sophists. (Kemerling, 2002,†Socrates,† The Philosophy Pages) But to accept the Socratic doctrine one must also believe that potential intellectual abilities are not democratically bestowed upon individuals as suggested by the Sophists, who aimed to teach all people to rhetorically please the people in the law courts and in the political sphere, by using clever phrases. Socrates believed that there was an inherent paradox in acquring knowledge â€Å"the most fundamental questions about our own nature and function,† are actually unaswerable and undemonstratable by common rhetorical devices, therefore â€Å"it seems impossible for us to learn anything. The only escape, Socrates proposed, is to acknowledge â€Å"that we already know what we need to know.† (Kemerling, 2002, â€Å"Plato: Immortality and the Forms-Doctrine of Recollection,† Philosophy Pages) How does this philosophy define the roles of teacher? From the â€Å"Meno† cited above, it might seem that Socrates saw himself primarily as a questioner and a facilitator of the recollection innate gifts. â€Å"The dialogue form was probably invented by Plato† to portray the Socratic method, otherwise known as the dialectic.† (Huffman, 2005) The method known as the Socratic method of teaching, still practiced in many schools (particularly law schools) today, â€Å"consisted of asking questions like ‘What is courage?† of people who were confident of the answer. Socrates, claiming ignorance of the answers to the questions, would gradually show the people’s beliefs to be contradictory. Socrates did not answer his questions, though much could be learned from the course of the discussion.† (Huffman, 2005) How will this philosophy guide the learning expectations in a classroom? Using questions places the teacher in some authority, as the teacher directs the discussion through involved questioning. However, it also demands a great deal of preparedness and attentiveness on the part of the student, combined with a willingness to question what the student†s society may deem to be common sense. Students of innately high ability are supposed to continually excel, to justify the teacher†s expectations of the student’s gifts. Ultimately, this questioning of common sense doctrine resulted in the condemnation of Socrates for corrupting the youth of Athens and of questioning the piety of the Greek gods. (Huffman, 2005) How will this philosophy exemplify the high standards of teaching? On one hand, the Socratic dialectic may seem to be an equalizing form of philosophy. Anyone can answer the questions of the teacher. But because the method stresses student recollection, rather than the teacher†s ability to mold or impart knowledge upon a blank slate, it did not function as such in Socrates† actual practice. The Republic, the delineation of the ideal state, advances a tiered division of society, mimicking the division of the body into soul, heart, and lower regions-rulers are innately of the mind, warriors of the heart or hands, and laborers of the lower regions of the body. â€Å"Only those with a philosophical temperament, Plato supposed, are competent to judge between what merely seems to be the case and what really is, between the misleading, transient appearances of sensible objects and the the permanent reality of unchanging, abstract forms.† (Kemerling, 2002, Philsophy Pages, â€Å"Plato: Education and the Value of Justice†) How will this philosophy address public expectations concerning student achievement? Accountability? In the world of the Republic, students of high levels of ability do not necessarily have empowerment over their education. Although they are subjected to rigorous Socratic questioning, they are also kept away from members of other classes of society, and not permitted to be corrupted by fairytales and myths that could take them away from their innate gifts of purely understanding the nature of virtue and the world of the forms. â€Å"Perhaps our best alternative, Socrates held, is to suppose that virtue is a (divinely bestowed?) true opinion that merely happens to lack the sort of rational justification which would earn it the status of certain knowledge,† and therefore virtue is unteachable. (Kemerling, 2002, â€Å"Plato: Immortality and the Forms-Doctrine of Recollection,† Philosophy Pages) Student achievement thus ultimately lies in the ability of the student, and the accountability of the teacher lies in his or her ability to select the correct student for the correct form of learning, rather than his or function as a teacher in the classroom. How to cite The Ancient Greek Iconoclast’s Philosophy of Education, Papers

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH HYPTHESIS Essays - Statistical Inference

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH HYPTHESIS Business PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH HYPTHESIS In this assignment, we will attempt to study the effects that difference in Income Ratio (henceforth known as I.R.) between the years 1980 and 1990 have on the Productivity Growth (P.G.) during the same period of time. The Income Ratio of one specific year can be found if we take the average income of the richest faction of a country (the richest 20% of the population) and divide it by that of the poorest faction (the poorest 20%). In this assignment, the Income Ratios that were used were those of 13 different countries. The I.R.'s on both 1980 and 1990 were taken for all these countries and, to find the difference between them, the I.R. for 1990 was divided by the I.R. for 1980, for each country. These new numbers illustrate the change of I.R. between the two years so that we can compare how the P.G. changes in relation to the changes in the I.R.. On this assignment, we use inductive reasoning to examine the data and find a theory (a hypothesis) that would combine the data given in a way that would make sense, based solely on our data. How do we know if the "theory" that we formulate makes sense? In this case we will plot the points (derived from the column "I.R. 1990/1980," going on the x-axis, and the column "Productivity Growth 79-90," on the y-axis). According to how the points are on the graph in relation to the Average Point (0.94,1.45) (point that is an average of all values and which divides the graph into four Quadrants), if 80% of these points are where they would be expected to be to conform to the hypothesis, then there is no reason to reject this hypothesis. If, on the other hand, the majority of the points does not conform to our hypothesis (are not where they were predicted to be), then it is rejected. Another method of reasoning frequently used by Mainstream economists is "deductive knowledge," as opposed to "inductive," described above. Their theory is formulated and only then it is applied to the data. Their theory on this subject suggests that productivity within a country grows when the population has incentives to work harder (or to work more). When the gap between rich and poor increases (an increase in I.R. form 1980-90, resulting in a larger ratio on the column I.R. 1990/1980), so does the population's eagerness to work, therefore increasing the Productivity Growth. Since when one variable goes up the other also goes up, there is a positive (or direct) correlation between the two. Mainstream economists use deductive reasoning to deduce that there exists a positive correlation between the two factors. In short, their hypothesis is that when the Income Ratio increases, the Productivity Growth also increases, since people are more motivated. For this to be true, we would expect a line going up and to the right on the graph, passing by Quadrants II and IV. Most points (80% or more) would have to be on these two Quadrants. This, however, is not the case (see graph), since only about 30.77% of the points plotted satisfy these conditions. Since the original hypothesis was rejected, we might want to see if there is a negative correlation between the two variables (that is, as one goes up, the other goes down). Our new hypothesis would then be "as the Income Ratio increases, the Productivity Growth decreases." Then, in the case of a high I.R., people in lower classes would rationally start to feel insecure and that their work is not being recognized by society, therefore losing motivation and producing less. In this case, since there's a negative correlation, one would expect the line on the graph to go downwards, from left to right, passing on Quadrants I and III. If this hypothesis were valid, 80%+ of the points would have to be on these Quadrants. This is also not the case, for only 69.32% of the points are on the appropriate Quadrants. Like the first, this second hypothesis also has to be rejected. After analyzing these two relationships and seeing that neither is valid, we conclude that there is no direct relationship between the two variables tested. That does not mean that one has no effect on the other (it probably does), only that there may be other factors and influences involved that have not been accounted for in this assignment and that one is not the only factor responsible for the changes in the other. DATA SHEET

Law 201 Case Study Essays

Law 201 Case Study Essays Law 201 Case Study Essay Law 201 Case Study Essay Raymond Smith recently bought a new car from a car dealership. The sales contract he signed contained language expressly denying liability for personal injuries caused as a result of defects in the car. It also limits the remedy for breach of warranty to repair or replace the defective part. Unfortunately one month after purchasing the auto, Smith was seriously injured when the car veered off the road and into a ditch as a result of a defect in the steering mechanism of the car. I will determine what would be the result if Raymond Smith sued the dealership. Under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) Article 2, unless omitted or changed, the sale of any goods suggests a warranty by the seller that the goods are of reasonable and average quality. Also that it is fit for the ordinary purposes that the goods are to be used. In this case, because the car dealer has omitted personal injuries caused by the car, from the warranty provided to Raymond, the car dealer would be able to enforce the disclaimer against Raymond Smith. But since Raymond was simply driving the vehicle under ordinary onditions and not driving recklessly, the car dealer personal injury disclaimer would not be enforced against him. Therefore, as the vehicle defect renders it unfit for ordinary use, Raymond will prevail against the dealer for breach of warranty. The bottom line is that the type of disclaimer given by the car dealer is invalid. The car dealer can be sued for the defect and breach of warranty. What we still do not know is whether the defect was caused by the car dealership or by the manufacturer. If it is cause by the dealer than the dealership would be liable for Raymonds accident.

New SAT in 2016 Reading Section Changes + Strategies

New SAT in 2016 Reading Section Changes + Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As you may know, the College Board recently debuted itsnew version of the SAT. There are some pretty significant changes in the Critical Reading section, and you should make sure you're fully prepared for what’s ahead. In this article I’ll tell you what the major differences are and how you can make sure you’re using the right studying strategies to get ready for the redesigned SAT. Reading: The Major Changes in the 2016 New SAT All Questions Are Passage-Based You heard me - no more sentence completion questions!Because sentence completion questions relied on preexisting knowledge of obscure words, the SAT has decided to do away with them in favor of more on vocabulary in context questions. One of the goals of the new test is to focus on assessing the basic critical skills students will need in order to succeed in college and their careers.Knowing super advanced vocabulary words, while occasionally valuable, is not a skill that most people require to succeed in life.Understanding the nuances in meaning of more common words, however, is very useful, along with strong reading comprehension skills. That's why all the questions are now based on challenging passages that deal with subject matter that is relevant to soon-to-be college students. The Subject Matter of Passages Is Pre-Determined Much like the passages on the ACT, the passages on the new SAT come from specific subject areas rather than drawing from an unpredictable pool of different subjects. The new Reading section consists of: One passage dealing with US and World Literature Two passages dealing with History and Social Studies Two passages dealing with Science This is a move towards more transparency on the test in terms of making the material more predictable so students will know exactly what to expect.The passages also draw from more recent and real life examples to make them highly relevant to students. New "Find the Evidence" Questions There is a subcategory of questions on the new SAT Reading section that has never been included on the test before. You'll get a list of four quotes from the passage and have to choose the one that provides the best evidence for your answer to the previous question. These questions force you to double check your thought process and confirm that your answer had support in the text. In this way, they could actually help you to avoid careless mistakes. The goal of these questions is to reinforce higher-level reasoning skills that are critical for reading comprehension. There Is Data Interpretation The new SAT reading section also contains some questions that ask you to interpret data that’s incorporated into the passages.There are charts and graphs on the test for the first time. This means that you can expect to see SAT Critical Reading questions that are similar to Science questions on the ACT.Don’t worry though - you don’t have to study science facts in order to do well on the new reading section. You just need to be able to interpret data logically based on visual representations and information in the passages. There Will Be...Data Interpretation. Your Strategy: The Major Changes Don’t Focus on Vocabulary Studying vocabulary has never been as important as people make it out to be for the SAT, and now with these new changes it’s even more irrelevant.Knowing a lot of big words no longer gives you much of an advantage (if any) on the test.Yes, there are stillvocabulary in context questions, but passage reading and interpretation skills will help you a lot more than vocabulary knowledge on those. If vocabulary is a big weakness for you, and you think it could still affect your reading comprehension, you should take a look at this article on the best way to study SAT vocab. It includes a free download of 200 vocabulary flashcards containing the words that are most likely to appear on the SAT. Our article on how to answer sentence completion questions without knowing vocabulary might also be helpful. Even though there aren't any sentence completion questions on the new SAT, the skills outlined in the article in terms of using connotation and process of elimination will still be useful for you if your vocabulary knowledge is weaker. Hone Your Passage Reading Skills This one is pretty obvious. Since the new test is all passage-based, you need to have really strong reading comprehension skills.Make sure you prepare a good strategy for attacking passages before the test. Here are the two methods we recommend: #1: Skim the Passage, Then Read the Questions A good skimming strategy is to read the first and last paragraphs of the passage and the first and last sentences of each body paragraph.This gives you a good sense of the main ideas and arguments presented in the passage without having to read the entire thing through.When you move onto the questions, you can read more specifically for little picture questions that give line numbers. #2: Read the Questions First, Read the Passage Later if Necessary You can also take the opposite tactic and go straight for the questions.If you use this strategy, make sure you answer questions that give specific line numbers first.By the time you answer all the specific questions about the passage and have to move onto big picture questions, it’s likely you will have already read enough to understand the main ideas fairly well. You might be able to get away with reading the passage closely right off the bat, but you can save yourself a lot of time and stress by either skimming or skipping it initially. If a passage includes corresponding graphs or charts, that means you'll see some data interpretation questions. If you know these types of questions are easier for you, you should read the graph first and see if you can answer any of them without the information in the passage. If you struggle with data interpretation, however, you might want to wait until after you read the passage so you have more context for the information in the graph. As a subset of passage reading skills, you should also be extra careful on the new SAT with interpreting texts.There are more passages that are relevant to your life or to recent events, which means it will be more difficult for you to adopt an unbiased attitude.It’s absolutely crucial that you keep yourself focused on the concrete information presented in the passage and avoid interpreting it based on your personal feelings. Practice Scientific Reasoning As mentioned above, the new SAT Critical Reading section has questions that ask about interpreting data in charts and graphs.Some questions will also ask you to select the best evidence for your answer to a previous question.Overall, this means you need to have a strong grasp on logical and scientific reasoning skills. To practice for this aspect of the new SAT, use ACT Science practice tests.Answering ACT Science questionsrequies similar skills to answering the new data interpretation questions on the SAT. Additionally, on old-version Critical Reading practice questions, make sure you fully understand where you got your answer. If you practice being aware of where the evidence for your answer for each question comes from, the new evidence questions will be easy for you.Think of them as a way to verify that your answer to the previous question was correct. They force you to rethink your answer and confirm that it was based on strong evidence. This actually isn't much different from what you've always done on the SAT - remember that the fundamental rule is that you must learn to eliminate three out of the four answer choices, and there is only one absolutely correct choice based on concrete evidence in the passage. Wow, Evidence! Have you been working out? The Bottom Line The Major Changes to the Reading Section Are: No more Sentence Completion questions Predictable passage subjects Find the Evidence questions Data interpretation questions You Should Adapt Your Study Strategy By: Focusing less on vocabulary Honing your passage reading skills Strengthen your scientific reasoning skills The new version of the SAT reading section is different, but it shouldn’t be more difficult than the old one if you know what to expect! What's Next? Ready to get started preparing for the new SAT? Check out our article on how to study for it. Are you not sure whether you should take the new SAT or the ACT? In this article we give you a full breakdown of the differences between the two to help you decide. Read this article for a list of SAT test dates for the 2015-2016 school year so you can plan out your studying better! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Hrm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hrm - Essay Example There are various differences between leadership and management; however, their biggest difference is how they get their followers to do what they want. This makes all the difference in various aspects of how they do things. Managers’ power given to them by the organizations they are employed in and they have assistants who work for them. Management uses transactional method to have tasks done. This means that the subordinates do what they are told because they expect something in return, this is normally salary. Managers act out of motivation that they will get paid after delivering. Therefore they put focus to their subordinate to reach the organizations’ expectations. On the other hand leaders do not have subordinates, unless in formal setting where they also hold management roles. In normal circumstances, leaders have followers who are inspired by their actions (Daft, & Lane, 2005, P. 5). Leadership requires that a person appeal other people so much that they are ready to stop doing what they are doing to follow them. It means they are ready to take risks they would not have considered to take were it not for the influence of a particular person (Bertocci, 2009, P. 6). Leaders get things done through their strong charisma and they do not promise their followers material reward; they persuade them by promising them positive transformation. Therefore, leadership is about making positive effect in people’s lives and leaders are able to convince people that they will become better people after following their leadership. Leadership focus a lot of their attention to people they work with. Leaders are charismatic but they do not necessarily hav e a loud personality they use a quiet, genuine style of addressing people. They are also ready to take blame for other people’s mistakes and always give credit to others. Leadership has many positive effects to

The food industry in the United State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The food industry in the United State - Essay Example Moreover, the rest of the world has already recognized the need to put labels on all products that contain genetically modified organisms and implemented the corresponding legislations. Subsequently, there is a sufficient ground to consider the lack of GMO labels as a serious problem of the modern food industry that demands immediate and effective solutions to preserve safety and rights of the general population. To start with, the issue of GMO labelling should be viewed as a national concern since it touches upon all Americans rather than some particular group. For instance, since the massive production of GMO foods was launched in 90s, they gradually took the great share of the market and, today, constitute the prevailing majority of all the available products. Namely, near 70 percent of all processed food that are sold on the territory of the United States contain genetically engineered ingredients as well as the majority of the crops sold throughout the country are genetically modified. (Dahl 359-361) According to Louise Chu, more than â€Å"88 percent of all corn and 94 percent of soybeans† are genetically modified. (Chu) It follows that people are left without any option apart from consuming products remaining unaware of what they are actually paying for. Subsequently, it seems irrelevant that people are not given the opportunity to learn about the genetically engineered ingredi ents that were added to the product together with all the rest information put on a label. As a result, it is possible to regard the absence of GMO labelling laws as a direct violation of people’s rights to know what they are buying and consuming. Moreover, the seriousness of the discussed problem is reinforced by the fact that GMO products are potentially harmful for the health of people. Firstly, the overall range of possible effects

The Concept Of Ethical Consumption Marketing Essay

The Concept Of Ethical Consumption Marketing Essay To present the concept of Ethical Consumption it needs to be acknowledging what is ethics and consumption. Ethic is a set of norms, principles or values that guide peoples behaviour (Sherwin 1993), and what is ethical or unethical is based on individual perception of right and wrong in other side consumption can be define as the process of buying or using goods that materialises when the consumer processes the product or service information, as a logical thinker (Holbrook et al. 1982: 132). Ethical consumption takes place when individuals purchasing goods are considering values of caring for other people, concerns for fairness and/or for the environment. The phenomenon of Ethical Consumption started to rise in the last fifteen to twenty years. This concept is directly related to the conscious and deliberate choice to make certain consumption options due to personal and moral beliefs (Carrigan et al., 2004:401). The ethical consumer strives to enhance their wellbeing through purchasing behaviour that avoids harming or exploiting humans, animals and the environment (Harrison et al. 2005: 4), and these represents the positive choices; additionally in this ample concept it can be included actions as recycling behaviour and philanthropy  [1]  . Consumption can be perceived as an instrument to achieve satisfaction on the material level; this consumer pattern is also moulded by groups and societal values: consideration for others and also for our eco system, leading to the concept of Ethical consumption, that can be identify as a tool to social change. Citizens and consumers are social actors that are recognizing more sustainable forms of consumption by optimising environmental, social and economic consequences in order to reduce ecological damage and demand labour rights to be respected. All consumers are forced to consider the increasing consequences of their habits, and existence (Harrison et al., 2005:3). We are now living in the world of disposability, of instant convenience where everything is disposable, however society is waking up and starting to reject these ways. There is a reform to the basic, to old values (Arnold 2009:4). Ethical consumption can be seen as an integration process, between producers and consumers, ethically minded consumers feel accountable towards the environment and the society, and they strive to express their values through their shopping habits. Ethical branding strategies are designed to support ethical business and ethical claims, these strategies are accomplished through all phases of a brand products lifecycle  [2]  ; leading to consumers perceptions and attitudes towards ethical purchasing (Tustin et al., 2008:24). Brands that are perceived as good citizenship  [3]   hold a good reputation on the consumer eyes, accentuating the responsibility of companies and consumers, producing/ purchasing products and services that pursue to minimise the social and environmental damage. It is quite clear exactly what is feeding this concept to grow, and Rob Harrison (2005) proposed seven factors inciting the growth of ethical behaviour: the globalisation of markets leading to the debilitation of national governments; this action drives to a rise of transnational corporations and brands; the growth of campaigning pressure groups which occurs as a result of the previous processes; the social and environmental consequence of technology; a shift in market power towards consumers; the effectiveness of market campaigning and also the enlargement of corporate social responsibility  [4]  (Harrison et al., 2005:3). However the main sources of the rapid progress of ethical awareness in the consumer shopping behaviour are the communication channels driven by the easy access of information, from websites as Ethical consumer guide and Keep it ethical; increasingly ethical awareness of issues related to products and brands leaded by the most effective channel the internet. 1.2 Study focus Although Ethical consumption seems like an ideal conception of consuming habits, there are issues stopping this idea to fully succeed. One of the strongest issue is price sensitivity, consumers are willing to pay extra pennies for ethical products, not small fortunes; another point is personal experience considering that some consumers cannot identify ethical products from non-ethical; ethical obligations as another issue where people feel difficult to consume certain products only based on the ethical claims; one critical point is the lack of information, where consumers feel that they are not fully informed in order to make the right purchasing choices; quality perception as other concept, sometimes people perceived that ethical products do not hold quality or flavour for example, as mainstream  [5]  products; cynicism considering that a high number of companies exploit for example the concept of environmental friendly, without any care for the environment which is named as gre en wash, leading to the lack of confidence to ethical products and finally the sense of guilt to support these exploited groups (Bray et al., 2010:5). Although other authors like Show et al., (2004) and Carrigan et al. (2001) defend, that ethical consumers are confused by: the lack of information, or too much information, restrict product choices and their availability, they also add that the lack of commitment plays an important role, additionally these authors go further believing that ethical consumers trust that their purchase choice does not make a significant difference amongst the others. Different authors point different issues as critical for this concept to flourished has it should. However all authors agree that communication, consumers education and the lack of trust is a significant concept for the shortcoming of ethical consumption. 1.3 Dissertation structure What is proposed in this study is to analyse in depth one successful ethical corporation Unicorn Manchester Cooperative Groceries, to understand how they show, educate and encourage consumers to follow their brand message through their ethical products; additionally how Unicorn procedures leads customers to trust them, finally it will be investigated their internal communication strategy. At this investigation it will be analysed trust, brand loyalty, brand message and internal branding, furthermore it will be acknowledge what their customers feel about their communication strategies and if they fully understand the meaning behind their purchases, what the company stands for and if the strategies used, drive customers to trust and became loyal to this business . To access this knowledge and to understand the communication strategy it will be made an interview to one of the cooperative members, which is accountable for the marketing and communication, education and advertisement of th is business, with the purpose to gain an insight of strategies adopted by this company. As a following step is needed to be acknowledge if customers are actually receptive to all these techniques adopted by the company by doing a small survey that only mention the communication strategies placed on the shop floor; to hundred and thirty customers. 1.4 Aims and objectives The outcome of this case study is to acknowledge and understands the ethical communication strategies adopted by this specific company and understand their effectiveness. Understand the Ethical Communication strategies used by Unicorn Cooperative Appreciate the channels used in order to build trust guiding to brand loyalty Acknowledge if customers fully understand the meaning behind their purchases Recognize the importance of Internal branding in ethical businesses How is possible to transfer this knowledge to other cases, business, institutions and so on. Research question: How does Unicorn- Cooperative develop consumer trust into their ethical brand? Hypotheses: 1. Trust is a key concept for the development of Brand loyalty 2. When brand message is communicated effectively, consumer tend to develop trust 3. Internal Branding high levelled the trust Literature review 2. Literature Review 2.1 Ethical Consumption Nowadays consumption can be perceived as a way to achieve social equality and a better environment. Ethical Consumption can include the purchasing behaviour that respects workers treatment, fair trade food, non-genetically modified food, environmental concerns, human rights, racial or gender prejudice, (Szimigin et al. 2006: 608). An increasing number of consumers are conducting changes in social conditions and business practices and they are progressively committed on these changes, this factor is what distinguish political consumer from ordinary consumer (Sandicki et al. 2008: 3). People are encountering more sustainable forms of consumption, and acknowledging individual and collective level of benefits, in order to meet the needs of current and future generations (Lunchs et al. 2011:2), affecting business and retailers to respond to this growing demand. At the same time individuals acquire a relation with ethical consumption that tend to be driven by a larger context, enforcing some kind of reflection which can be influenced by social groups (Barr et al. 2011: 715). Ethical consumption embraces two major groups positive buying is what was mention previously and in the opposite spectrum is the negative buying which can include boycotts and avoidance of certain brands on a permanent basis, considering their association with some political issue that the consumer opposes (Sandicki et al. 2008: 2). Furthermore these movements in great majority accomplish their objective, by changing business conventions to a more eco and social friendly practices. Consumption as an increasingly important purpose in contemporary society, these movements materialise ideologies of consumption  [6]  (Kozinets et al. 2004:692). Consequently, businesses are trying to blend ethical consumerism into their practices, as a result of pressure from consumers, considering that their perception is also linked to their consumerism (Tustin et al. 2008:25). Characteristics that run through all these consumption manifestations: Organisation, consumers envisage to organise a coherent set of activities informed by the actions of different organisations, including consumer bodies A desire for change, consumption as a tool of its own transformation Rights, consumers have rights that have to be fought Collectively, by working in groups, individuals hold a strengthen power for change Values, consumption as an exchange of moral messages, consuming can be good or bad Implications, consuming has effects, on other people and society or on the environment. (Harrison et al., 2004:40) Thankfully to the growing number and easily accessible information enhanced by the media interest of political issues (Harrison et al. 2004:69), consumers are more aware of ways to minimise environmental damage and change social issues. Some authors defend that there are more hidden reasons to purchase ethically, other dimension that evocates the individuality of each of us, they see ethical consumption as a integrative process, where the consumer tries to achieve: distinction, by distinguishing themselves in a proactively way through their actions; hedonism action that produces pleasure, the consumer feel good about himself purchasing ethically; love which demonstrates compassion to others and personal values and aesthetic appreciation, considering that ethical products tend to be classified as premium  [7]  brands, meaning more expensive which some individuals identify with them for their classification (Szimigin et al. 2006:610), and these are some of the extra aspects that the marketer needs to acknowledge when suggesting these products. However the most persuasive reason for people to consume more ethically is the power of social change, by forcing brands and companies to adopt more ethical strategies for t heir business practices. This seems the ideal consumption concept, however as many concepts in business has their faults to fully succeed, as mention previously the: personal experience; ethical obligation; lack of information; quality perception, cynicism and sense of guilt. The deprivation of effective information is a major barrier for this concept to accomplish their objectives. If consumers are not informed or even educated of these practices and strategies in some respects ethical consumption is failing in delivering a proficient communication. There is a high number of literature and case studies where consumers for example are willing to purchase eco-friendly brands, however they witness a very difficult task to identify these products, proving that these consumers are not very aware of ethical communication strategies (Picket- Baker et al. 2008: 290). Adequate communication prevail a disregard link between some companies to the mass consumer. This matter deviates the idea of ethical consumption; sin ce all consumers are possible ethical consumers (Harrison et al. 2005: 69). 2.2 Marketing Communications/ Communication Strategies Communication strategies is a core concept for this investigation, as it will be study the ethical communication strategies of one particular company and acknowledge how these support the business reaching trust amongst the customer. However to reach that picture it needs to comprehend in general the notion of marketing communication. All organisations to survive needs to exchange information to their stakeholders, Marketing Communications is the design, implementation and control to reach organisational objectives, through the consumer market point of view, marketing strategies is a method that will increase consumers positive thoughts and attitudes towards a brand or product, (Peter et al. 2010:25) basically is a management process through which an organisation engages with its various audience (Fill 2005:7), only strategically distributed can help organisations to lead a competitive position (Holm 2003: 23), by understanding the audiences, organisations explore actual messages that would be appropriate for their stakeholders. Following the previous sentence, marketing communication is a concept that bridges information between customers and potential customers to the business foundations, remind the stakeholders about the business essence, also reassure the distinctive aspects for other competitors additionally provide information about products and brands values, persuade the target audience to change attitude (Dahlen 2010:43). The Marketing Communication mix embraces every type of messages such in advertising, public relations, promotions and personal selling simultaneously direct response advertising, personal communication, public relations exhibitions and online exhibitions. All these different methods can work independently or ideally blended to accomplished communication goals. Promotional Objectives Target Audience Context Analyses Direct Marketing Sales Promotion Research and Evaluation Personal Selling Resources Positioning Public Relations Figure 1_ the system of Marketing Communications (Fill 2005:28) This concept promotes and maintain a dialogue with their audiences to create a Brand Equity, brand associations, brand dominance and brand prospects (Dahlen 2010:14), this it will influence conception of value in comparison with the benefits and costs, being the ideal situation to raise the benefits and decrease the costs (Holm 2006:23). Marketing communication can be perceived as: management and control of all communication strategies; also ensures brand personality, positioning and messages that should be distributed consistently throughout all components of communication and additional strategic analyses, implementation and control of the choices of marketing strategy (Smith et al. 1999:4). Communication is the act of sending a message to others in a way that these can interpret and decode the message, communications is essential to build trust on others(Anderson 2005: 169).Communication strategies can be defined as a constant pursuit to verbalize and decode the messages, in situation where these messages have not been decipher (Toronoe 1981: 287). A favourable communication is based around a committed, articulated brand idea as a foundation to sustain and build relations with customers (Dahlen 2010:2). The main target of Marketing Communication is to influence the judgment of value through communication, this process materialises when individuals share meaning, by developing a dialogue, where participants are capable to decipher the meaning of the messages and simultaneously being able to respond, and this exchange is possible through knowledge and understanding of the communication process. In overall process for organisations to be successful in their communications strategies, it is fundamental for them to understand their customers, the way they absorbs information, how they develop attitudes and how they react to marketing communications stimuli . However it necessary to identify, select and develop which communication tool it will be used to apply the most suitable brand communication to reach their target audience (Schultz et al. 1999: 309). The cognitive position perceives the consumer as the problem solver, using the various process to reasoning, forming ideas and gaining knowledge in their own individual way of decoding information (Fill 2005: 117). The previous judgment makes essential for organisations to build a strong Brand Narrative, based on a story that frames cultural codes, cultural expectations and stereotypes, essentially needs to create a story that reflects our times (Dahlen 2010: 13). The brand narrative is intrinsically consistent dialogue, which connects people, events and experiences which can lead to Brand Equity  [8]  . Brand attitude is an imperative characteristic of brand equity, which is intended to influence consumers to purchase the brand, through consumers attitude is possible to measure the brand success (Peter et al. 2010:232). Brand and customer equity Relationships Advocacy Advocacy Marketing communications Marketing communication mix Traditional and non-traditional media Channel partners Positioning Branding Image and Brand management Outcomes Marketing Communications Media Scape Narrative Brand Ongoing Figure 2_ Brand Narrative components (Dahlen 2010:6) Until certain extend brand equity, brand narrative develop a marketing stimuli directed to their target choice, guiding them in the way they behave, think and how they feel (Peter et al. 2010:25) and individuals express themselves, or aspire to be through brands, somehow consumers employ marketing communications to chase personal meaning through their consumption (Dahlen 2010:07). Meaning that by elaborating a brand narrative business is essential to have a deep knowledge about their target market. Customers are seem as problem solvers, through communication strategy perspective, their capability to message decode is affected by their level of elaboration and advertising is the conducive way of channel information to consumers, who then has the opportunity to appreciate the message according to their experiences (Fill 2005:197). 2.2.1Brand message- Communication Effectiveness Brand message is essential for this study, taking in consideration that it needs to be apprehended the communication effectiveness of Unicorn strategy, not measuring but understanding the effectiveness of their brand message, how this business is being so successful in communicating their values, when others in ethical trade are failing, essentially understand how Unicorn engage customers through their brand. Communication is an important means for organisations to reach their customers and potential customers (Bendixen 1993: 19), and this can be achieved through advertisement. Many advertisement models were tailored with foundation on Lavidge and Steiner hierarchy of effects model, this model defends that the customer purchasing process starts from awareness, to knowledge, then liking, moving to preference than conviction and finally purchase. The next model has foundation on Lavidge and Steiner effects structure, where Bendixen applied some changes: Forces of Communication Impact Specificness Credibility Relevance Conviction Comprehension Action Unawareness Awareness Forgetfulness Incompreheension Hotility Aphaty Barriers of Communication Figure 3 _ Brand loyalty the 5 stages of Communication (Bendixen 1993: 21) All components of the promotion mix hold diverse magnitudes to communicate. The effectiveness of each communication channel can be chased from the state of unawareness to all the other stages until purchase (Fill 2002: 18). 2.2.2 Brand message and trust The effect of the brand message also has an impact on trust and relationship commitment (Sharma 1999: 152), some studies suggest the critical role of effective communication plays an impact on the perceptions of quality, trust and relationship commitment, it involves the formal and informal channels between customers and the organisations, is meant to give real expectations and educate customers (Sharma 1999: 163). The effectiveness of cause related marketing may have an imperative influence in customer choice (Pracejus et al. 2004: 639). Communication effectiveness/ Brand message Functional quality Technical quality Trust Relationship commitment Figure 4_ Conceptual model of determinants of relationship commitment (Sharma 1999: 156) Effectiveness is an important derivative of communication strategy taking in consideration that for these to have a positive outcome into the target audience, it needs to achieve what was meant to achieve, the audience must decode in the way that the marketer thought that they would decode and if the audience can acknowledge the full meaning and understand the overall brand message, this process was successful, also has impact in which different communication channels to adopt and how it will affect particular consumer responses (Grace et al. 2005: 114), this might be through advertising or any other avenue. If customers acknowledge the brand message and this is something that they aspire or goes according to their values, consumer will tend develop trust with the brand through their messages. Consumer brand knowledge could relate all descriptive and evaluative brand information. In this spectrum, different levels of knowledge as attributes, benefits, thoughts, feelings, that are linked between them (Ghodeswar 2008: 4) would form a reaction to the brand message, and this reaction should be as expected by the brand in this way they accomplish their communication goals. Understanding brand message has an effect to future purchases, through brand relationship that also involve brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand attachment (Esch et al. 2006: 103), brand message need to be clear and adopt the most appropriate channels in order to achieve their target audience. By using their communication strategies effectively will lead to consumer relationship, trust that eventually will turn into brand loyalty. 2.3 Brand Trust Trust develops when one actor has positive assurance with a trading partner (Zboja 2006: 382), as a process that meets their customer expectations and probably overcome these ones. Brand trust is built over the acceptance that brand value can be design and improved in order to overcome consumer satisfaction concerning the product attributes. Brand qualities might also add value to an existing relationship between customers and brands, being trust one of the most critical elements of this relation. Trust is a feeling based on security and in this context trust has foundation in brand reliability and brand intentions; brand reliability is the capacity of brand to correspond to customers needs, in this dimension is necessary to accomplished what the customer is expecting from the brand; and brand intention has emotional roots, which accredits that customers are in an vulnerability situation when making purchasing decisions (Delgado- Ballester 2001: 1242). Consumer trust and satisfaction about a specific brand and the retailer will drive to repurchasing behaviour; trust is a significant element that bridges satisfaction, individual connection towards a brand as shown on figure five. Trust in the Brand Trust in the Retailer Reseller Repurchase Intentions Satisfaction with the Brand Satisfaction with the retailer Figure 5_ Conceptual model of the relationship between consumer perceptions of brands and retailers ( Zboja et al. 2006: 382) Relationship formation is balanced by customer, product and brand attitude. A brand with very distinctive attributes that adjust to customers values and behaviour tend to develop relationship based on the products categories (Hess et al. 2005:316). Trust is involved in brand credibility, and this creates brand loyalty as an element of brand equity and a key concept in customer relationship, and this might be the strongest connection in the marketing tools (Reast 2005:5). Credibility- based Credibility based trust correlates (Conative)Brand trust Performance- satisfaction based Trust Correlates (Cognitive) Truthful Fair minded Sincere Shows concern Similar values Gives confidence Competence Expert Status Reputation Personal Experience Usage History Fulfil expectations Quality consistency People experience Quality level Dependability Figure 6_ Two component model of brand trust correlates (Reast 2005: 5) The left column represents what a brand should provide and the right column is what customers will perceive if content. Credibility demonstrates the honesty and values of the brand where it can be delivered through advertising, packaging to personal interaction (Reast 2005: 9). Brand trust is establish through personal experience with the specific brand, consequently this experience it will guide consumers evaluation of any direct and indirect contact, being the consumption experience the most important as a foundation of trust. Brand trust offers some kind of security, considering that the brand will meet consumption expectations that will have an influence on commitment. (Delgado- Ballister 2001: 1254). Brand properties are vital to ultimate if customer decides to trust it or not. Consumers tend to judge a brand before forming a relationship with it, Lau believes that individuals develop brand trust according to reputation, predictability and proficiency (Lau et al 2009: 344);furthermore trust can be perceived as an ingredient that contrast relationships from transactions. Trust and satisfaction are crucial elements in building personal relationships that eventually will lead to brand loyalty; which has been conceptualised as a repetitive purchasing behaviour of a brand (Lau et al. 2001: 351). 2.3.1 Trust and Brand Loyalty Within the marketing discipline concepts as trust and brand loyalty are linked together, considering that is through trust that brands achieve loyalty from their customers. The consideration of trust in brand is supported by: the relationship between brand and consumer, that implies that the brand hold some characteristics that goes further than a simple product or service; in other spectrum brand trust is also associated to brand value, which is much more than consumer satisfaction, other characteristics can add value to the existing relationship between a brand and a consumer, being trust the most significant property of this relation. (Delgado- Ballester 2001: 1241). Trust in a brand is positively associated to brand loyalty which brings many benefits to the organisation. The brand properties are crucial to determine if the consumer will trust or not this business if the reaction is positive and the customers is repurchasing over again it will be achieved brand loyalty. Brand Predictability Additional Information Job Specifications are in Word format, to download a viewer for Windows click Here or for Mac users click Here all other documents are in PDF format you can get Acrobat Here Recruitment Policy: Click Here Candidate Guidelines: Click Here Job Share Scheme: Click Here About MMU: Click Here Disabled Candidate Support: Click Here Job Details   Job Reference: G2/2245 Job Title: Marketing Assistant Location: All Saints Closing Date: 16 October 2012 Salary Range:  £ 18340.00 to  £ 19972.00 Benefits Holiday Entitlement: 25 Pension:   Yes Job Details Division: Marketing, Communications Development Department: Marketing Communications Office Work Pattern: Temporary Application Form: Click here for Application Form Job Description: The University only accepts applications on a valid application form which can be downloaded by clicking here. You can then upload your completed application in the My Documents section once you have logged in. Please note that a curriculum vitae (CV) will not be accepted for this vacancy. Manchester Metropolitan University MARKETING, COMMUNICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT MARKETING ASSISTANT (Full-time / Fixed 2 year contract/) Grade 4:  £18,340-  £19,972 per annum We are seeking a Marketing Assistant who is looking for an exciting, challenging role and has excellent marketing and administrative skills. This hands-on post will be part of a new marketing team in the Faculty of Business and Law. This new faculty brings together the Business School a

Just Like Us Essay

The immigration problem in America has been dividing the document and undocumented people, in the book Just Like Us, by Helen Thorpe, she tells the story of four Mexican – American girls who live in Denver Colorado. Marisela and Yadira, were born in Mexico and are undocumented while Clara was born in Mexico too it is a permanent resident, and Elissa is a U.S citizen. They are best friend and their relationship it is not affected by their immigration status until they graduated from high school and they have to face the challenge of looking for new ways to pay for their college education. Undocumented adolescents graduating from high school don’t have many opportunities to get scholarships and to go to college. Most of them end up working with a fake Social Security Card with a minimum wage. In the congress exist some oppressors of undocumented people like Tom Tancredo, who are the kind of people whose heritage comes from another country, but who have just forgotten wher e they came from, and become radical people who think that every undocumented person is a killer, a negative person for the American society. On the other hand, we have Major John Hickenlooper, who was trying to help undocumented immigrants giving them some opportunities to keep growing. The girl’s point of view about world and each other comes to play when they are trying to obtain a scholarship. Because of competitiveness to obtain a scholarship, the girl’s relationship changes. At the end they graduated and achieved their degree. Clara becomes a U.S. citizen. Marisela and Yadira were able to apply for the DREAM Act, so they legal. Elissa was unemployed, and Marisela would be a mom! As the girls become of aware of their legal status Immigration Policy, have affected not only the girl’s relationship with each other. But for all other illegal was well. Because of our Immigration policy, many Immigrants have more problems in achieve their dreams. Therefore, we mu st change our Immigration policy so that it will not make it difficult for young immigrants from getting a good education, changing our perception of young illegal immigrants and how young undocumented view themselves. Undocumented students as Marisela and Yadira struggle to be seen for who they really are and not to be just treated like criminals; they just need to be given opportunities to show what they can do for this country, like Clara and Elissa. One area that Thorpe presents to us is that not everyone gets to have a college education and is able to afford it, whereas every American citizen is able to go their college because they have a Social Security card and can afford it. Undocumented students like Marisela and Yadira don’t have a Social Security card and they have give up on their dreams of going to college. The process of the undocumented students going to college is that they have to apply for scholarship as international students, so they require more money th an a citizen or resident. Yadira got into Colorado College. â€Å"They accepted me, but they didn’t offer me any money. So it’ s like, if you have $37,000 lying around, you can come here† (Thorpe 60). This was a big reason for Yadira to forget definitively this scholarship, but she didn’t give up. She struggle and she is close to getting one before Marisela, because â€Å"Each year, about fifty thousand undocumented immigrants graduate from high school in the United States.† (Thorpe 60) And to be honest it is a shame that from this enormous number just a few can get into a college, every immigrant graduate from high school should be able to reach higher education, because everybody en in the world has this right and the people in charge of undocumented students is Senate Committee, they should help these adolescents. As an example of how difficult it is for undocumented students to get on education is the story about Marisela and Yadira. They had completed applications to University of Denver, and had gone to the campus for hastily arranged interviews. It was really tough for them, because they were both fighting for one scholarship. Yadira won it, because she pursue d her dream and than her best friend Marisela. To know that she got the scholarship Yadira called the University while Marisela watched her friend’s face as she spoke to the woman. Yadira looked back to Marisela the whole time, and she asked: â€Å"You got it, huh? Yadira hung up the phone. â€Å"Yeah,† Yadira replied, she was crying (Thorpe 80). Marisela has to deal with this pain inside on her, because she was happy that her best friend got this triumph, but this means that she will not get this scholarship. As we can tell the process of obtaining a good education is really hard for undocumented people, it makes it even harder to compete against someone you know. Hard moments like this makes it difficult for undocumented adolescents has to deal with in obtain a good education. Another topic that Thorpe presents is the difficulty of changing people’s points of view. In fact, when congress is debating why immigrants come to America illegally, should they receiv e citizenship? Luke is a really close friend of the girls at Denver University. In the story represents people who are conservative view and very narrow mind. In particular instance, Luke express that opinion when he said: â€Å"I don’t agree with giving them all citizenship†¦why even have immigration law if you just let everybody in!† (Thorpe 250) This is the reason why Marisela manifest not to be so close to him anymore. He is a great person, but his ignorance takes Marisela away from him. Luke didn’t care about their ethnicity, however he didn’t know where are they from, and with his comments were hurting Marisela and Yadira feelings, this is the reason why they never were really honest with him, and hide most of their lives. Most conservative talks about undocumented immigrants come to affect the American economy, avoiding taxes, free loaders, public schools, and food stamps. And also Conservatives thinks that most of the illegal are criminals. The issue of welfare is one point where we see the conservative viewpoint â€Å"They go to San Francisco General and they get free health care that we pay for.† (Thorpe 250). Undocumented people just to come to the United States looking for a better life, more opportunities, to give their families more a better future. We didn’t know, but in their country they are poor, and they do not have enough food so just deal with it day by day. We cannot even talk about healthy issues; because they cannot expend money on it, because their kids or themselves will not be able eat that day. These are a couple of reasons why they just to take a risk and coming to fulfill the â€Å"American Dream.† Saying that undocumented people who want be like an American citizen by paying some form of taxes, and really are hard workers doing those kind of jobs than Americans doesn’t want to do. Juan Apocada is a young undocumented boy who was on the news for speaking out about his st ruggle about obtaining a scholarship, a benefactor who really knows his legal status didn’t care about it, just help him providing the money for his studies. Suddenly congressman Tancredo, called the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to see if his child’s family are illegal. â€Å"Is it just me or does anyone else fin more amazing that our government can track a cow born in Canada almost three years ago right to the stall where she sleeps in the state of Washington†¦but they are unable to locate eleven million illegal aliens wondering around our country† (Thorpe 49) He believes that American culture had strayed from the rule of the law. This congressman forgot where is he from. Even his family was almost deported, but he didn’t care about undocumented, and became one of the most stronger opposites people on the undocumented immigrant topic. He instead on thinking how to deport them, should start thinking how to solve their problems, becaus e his family heritage if from outside this country, and his family was one of them. Document people didn’t have knowledge about undocumented immigrants, and they just based their opinion about what they hear and see on the television, radio, or gossip. As a result of them we have that people got a wrong idea of them, and people disrespect them, and didn’t give them the same treat as document people, they must receive same respect and values that legal people have, because a legal paper don’t give us more respect, it’s just a status inside a country. Something that makes us better it’s our development inside a society and giving the best of us to our world. Thorpe also comes across show the self-realization for the immigrants who have thought they are some things right, ends up being wrong in the United States. This is because undocumented people want to be identify, they need to have some identifications as any other document person, so they find their own way to do it. As some of the girls are undocumented, they are actually don’t have how to get a job or get a driver license, and they need to identify their selves with people, so they just have one solution to falsify ID, social security cards, driver licenses, etc. When Marisela believe that even though she had fake driver license, she thought she would not get caught, â€Å"It hit me when I wanted to a driver license and I couldn’t. So I started driving with a Mexican driver’s license—a fake. And that when I realize how I was going to grow up—doing everything the wrong way† (Thorpe 25). She has to get a fake drivers license, because first at all she was an undocumented person, and second would be more safety for her go to school in her own car than in the bus. Yadira also took this decision, sh e is very conscious about doing things in proper order, and because she needs to get a job decided to get a fake Social Security card. At the end she shows it to her friends. –â€Å"Oh guess what?† She volunteered. â€Å"I just bought a fake Social Security card. Do you want to see it?†(Thorpe 161) Certain situations force her or anyone to do the wrong thing. Yadira situation is that her mom Alma was in Mexico with her new baby sister and she couldn’t work, and her stepfather works in America but his pay does not cover the cost of living in America. Therefore her family needs her to get a job. And the only way to get a job in America is providing a Social Security Card to each place that you are going to apply. As far as we know, her family is not resident therefore she had to obtain a fake Social Security ID. People might think that getting these fake documents could mean that these girls would be worried about getting caught. But it’s not that wa y; they feel a little more secure when they have this kind of documents, because these documents give them some identity that they are missing since they cross the Mexican – American border. These children and adolescents are not guilty for their parent’s decision of crossing the border illegally. They coming to the U.S. for a better future, this country give them a better live, a future were they would be alive and can be someone, because some of their parents come just barely speaking their own language, sometimes they don’t even know how to write, so when they arrived to America it’s that they work in jobs than Americans don’t want to do, they work really hard. Therefore parents expected from their children a better live, better education, having at least two languages, knowing something else that clean bathrooms, and cook, they want a better future that they can’t afford or just even think of it in their own country. So the U.S. governme nt should cover these obstacles that these children and adolescents have to give them a more chances in live.

The Leadership Roles of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini...

Many would say that Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini were both awful men and even worse leaders in their countries. But, if you really sat down to think about how they ran their form of government, they were actually two of the most vainglorious, yet admirable leaders in the world at that time. Hitler was able to go from being a soldier in World War I to being the supreme leader of Germany. Benito was able to go from being a brief schoolteacher, to being a 10-year journalist. Although Hitler was not born in Germany, he led Germany in 1933 until his death on April 30, 1945. Adolf would do anything at the time to not be put into the Austrian military. He ended up moving to Munich, Germany in May of 1913 and he enlisted into the German army†¦show more content†¦We must not wait a minute. We will show no mercy. Every Communist official must be shot, where he is found.† Every Communist deputy must this very day be strung up (Schweitzer). This made it possible for Hitler to claim a state of emergency. After Hitler claimed a state of emergency, he was able to throw out all of the previous laws in Germany and start what is now called the â€Å"Holocaust.† Adolf made laws that gave non-arean people no rights. The â€Å"Holocaust† was not all about the killings. It was not just a bad thing either; there were actually a lot of good things that came out of this event. Hitler had his officers in the death camps do experiments on the people in there (Megargee). He would have them testing medicines on the Jews to see what they could do to have a medical breakthrough for cancer research. Hitler made some very remarkable and yet some idiotic decisions throughout his life. He was the first person to create a law that protected animals, prohibited smoking in public places and prohibited selling to people under the age of 18. Another thing is while Adolf Hitler was in office/ in power; the organized crime rate was at 0% (Smith). 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Compare and Contrast of “Sonny’s Blues” and “Everyday Use”...

Compare and Contrast of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† and â€Å"Everyday Use† These two stories â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† written by James Baldwin and â€Å"Everyday Use† written by Alice Walker are both examples of struggle for African American people. These two authors Alice Walker and James Baldwin are both African Americans. Through their writings both writers wanted to critique, analyze and assess the culture that they belong to. In each of the two short stories, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† and â€Å"Everyday Use,† allow people who read these stories to make discoveries of the lives of African American families. These people who are apart of these families have to live in society and be able to deal with struggles and difficulties around them from being equal but separate at the†¦show more content†¦Sonny had learned his own ways to deal with the â€Å"ambiguity and irony of Negro life† since leaving prison. Sonny had dis covered a way to find his freedom that worked best for him and that was through music. He started to play Bebop. By playing his music he let go of his frustrations that came with being another unsafe black person living in this place. His father would always be negative to his mother when she would bring up the idea of wanting to move to another neighborhood. He would think that any place they could move to would be the same and all be unsafe for children and for anybody. Through playing and being a part of music Sonny had discovered a solution to his marginalization and being left alone from his own society. Sonny was able to reconnect with African Diaspora by learning to play blues music and Bepop. He was then able to escape the social and economic issues that he faced living in the ghetto which also allows this reconnection to represent his roots. This music was his solution and only way that Sonny could feel free. When Sonny would play blues, his brother and many other people we re able to understand and also through his music he could help them be free too. In contrast of â€Å"Everyday Use† written by Alice Walker, the use of her character Dee discovers a different and special way to make a description of what Baldwin calls the â€Å"ambiguity and irony of Negro life.† Dee really did not want to resemble her